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Biological clogging of Netafim's drippers and recovering process through chlorination impact treatment

Authors: null Rubens Duarte Coelho; null Ronaldo Souza Resende;

Biological clogging of Netafim's drippers and recovering process through chlorination impact treatment

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Irrigation in the Department of Rural Engineering at ESALQ, in order to evaluate the use of different chlorine doses in recovering the original flow rate for total and partial emitters clogging. Five Netafim's dripper types were evaluated: Streamline 100, Ram 17L, Dripline 2000, Tiran 17 and Typhoon 20. Four chlorine levels, 150, 300, 450 and 600 mgL -1 , were tested, maintaining the irrigation water pH between 5.0 and 6.0 in the recovering process of blocked drippers. In this way, 200 emitters for each model were analyzed, with the total of 1000 emitters, spaced 0.11 x 0.05 m. A regular water source for irrigation equipment was used presenting a bacterial population about 50.000 bacteriamL -1 . Sodium hypoclorite (12%) was used as chlorine supply. The chlorination process took place during 60 min and after this period the solution remained inside the hose for 12 h without flow. Then the flow of each emitter was measured. Average flow, coefficient of variation of average flows, percentage of number of emitters at different classes of flow reduction were the analysed parameters. For all kinds of drippers, except the Streamline, the chlorine improved the flow rate. For the Dripline model the chlorine treatment reduced the uniformity emission. Chlorine efficiency was increased after the second application for Tiran model and it was different for number of applications, chlorine levels and dripper model.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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