Geographic indexing is usually handled in the same way as other indexing; that is, through the use of controlled vocabulary, often in a hierarchical arrangement from broad region (e.g., continent) to smaller regions (e.g., country, county, geologic province, topographic feature, city). But a geographic location can also be described by map reference points (geocoding), such as a set of latitudes and longitudes. This spatial referencing and the use of computer graphic display has many advantages over word-based indexing. Examples of the variation of geographic indexing terminology for online bibliographic records are given.