Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) impacts patient with cancer who are currently receiving chemotherapy. Risk factors identifying patients most likely to suffer from CINV are summarized. The pathophysiology of CINV is reviewed to provide rationale for recommending combination antiemetic therapy to optimally control CINV. The three phases of CINV, acute, delayed and anticipatory, are discussed including treatment recommendations for each phase. Studies assessing effective antiemetic regimen for control of acute CINV are summarized providing rationale for recommendations for the use of 5HT3-receptor antagonists in this population. Control of delayed CINV is controversial. Use of combinations of metoclopramide/dexamethasone is considered standard care. However, specific subsets of patients benefit from prolonged administration of 5HT3-receptor antagonists. Increased cost of 5HT3-receptor antagonists compared to traditional antiemetics is offset by increased efficacy and decreased adverse effects...