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Revista Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto
Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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Vertigem na infância

Authors: Roberto Campos Meirelles;

Vertigem na infância

Abstract

A disfuncao vestibular em criancas gera prejuizos no desenvolvimento motor, equilibrio e habilidades de leitura. A incidencia em escolares oscila em 15%. Acredita-se que sejam subdiagnosticados. As causas principais incluem a vertigem paroxistica benigna da infância isolada (18,7%) ou associada a enxaqueca (17,6%), traumatismo craniano (14%) e neurite vestibular (9,81%). O quadro clinico apresenta mal-estar indefinido,cinetose, nauseas, vomitos, disturbio visual, mudanca subita de comportamento, agitacao, perturbacoes do sono, cefaleia, inabilidade para realizar movimentos coordenados, escusa de determinados brinquedos, percepcoes imprecisas da forma de objetos, da distância, da posicao espacial ou da relacao com objetos circundantes, inaptidao para alguns exercicios fisicos, quedas, atraso de desenvolvimento motor e da linguagem escrita ou falada. Podem gerar comprometimento psiquico, atraso escolar, ansiedade e pânico. O exame fisico pesquisa alteracoes de orelha media, de tuba auditiva, rinite alergica, rinossinusopatia, faringotonsilite e alteracoes musculares no pescoco. Os testes clinicos sao uteis para identificar a hipofuncao vestibular. A selecao dos testes depende da colaboracao da crianca, sendo dificil antes dos cinco anos. A prova de autorrotacao cefalica e facil de ser realizada, permitindo evidenciar alteracao funcional do reflexo vestibulo-ocular horizontal e vertical. A terapeutica inclui controle alimentar, estimulo a ingestao hidrica, higiene do sono e controle da ansiedade. Os medicamentos restringem-se aos bloqueadores dos canais de calcio como cinarizina e flunarizina. A ginko-biloba tem efeito benefico, potencializando a compensacao central. Os benzodiazepinicos podem ser usados em crises severas e rebeldes. Na compensacao, a pratica de atividades fisicas e a reabilitacao vestibular oferecem resultados rapidos, devido a maior neuroplasticidade da crianca. O futuro indica para a adequada selecao de quais exames subsidiarios sao importantes e a determinacao dos padroes de normalidade nas diversas faixas etarias, que nao existe atualmente. Descritores: Vertigem; Transtornos de enxaqueca; Tontura. Revista HUPE, Rio de Janeiro, 2015; 14(1): 62-67 doi: 10.12957/rhupe.2015.16211

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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