Microporous ceramic membranes are an emerging separation technology. Porous alumina, zirconia and glass membranes are discussed with emphasis on alumina membranes. The microstructural characteristics and element and module configurations of these membranes are examined in relation to their preparation methods—anodic oxidation, phase separation/leaching and slipcasting. The membrane permeation properties are presented along with three applications: oil/water separation, protein separation and gas separation.