The aim of the article is to present the growth of the Polish external debt, with special consideration of its causes and methods of debt reduction. In order to achieve the aim of the article, a research method of descriptive comparative analysis has been applied. In the conclusions of the paper it is stated – among others - that external credits have been taken in order to decrease economic disproportions between Poland and highly developed countries. Considering the necessity of debt repayment, the due amounts have already become a considerable developmental barrier and a burden not only for the state budget but also for business entities. Undoubtedly, Poland is going to take more credits and to issue foreign bonds in the nearest future. Their use may turn out to be an important factor which shall determine the economic situation of the country.