The subject of the publication is to show blasphemy as a crime (misdemeanor) from the perspective of the religious principles in legal cultures of Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism. The author discusses how blasphemy is considered by science and followers of religions mentioned above, as well as the limits of criminal liability and moral responsibility. The conclusions are placed on the basis of Polish literature and foreign language literature, selected legislation and sample court cases related to the accusation of blasphemy.