The author analysed the fundamental legal solutions to nature protection in the Second Republic of Poland (1918-1939). She examined the legal sources and literature of the inter-war period concerning the problems of this new challenging system of structural and material administrative law. She presents, among others, the Act of 1925 on the State Council for Nature Conservation, the President’s Order on animal protection of 1928 an the Act of 1934 on Nature Conservation. The following remarks lead to the conclusion that the Polish system of nature conservation comprised in the most modern European legal trends of that era and today can be evaluated as an important part of the Polish legal heritage.