The article investigates the order of exercising of powers of the court of cassation set forth in paragraphs 4 and 5 of Part 1 of Article 390 of the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation when checking enforceable judicial acts. The relevance of this article is conditioned by the need to resolve theoretical and practical issues of the exercising of the powers of the courts of cassation, courts of general jurisdiction, which arose after the adoption and entry into force of the Federal law of December 9, 2010 No. 353-FZ “On amendments to the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation”. Based on the analysis of the provisions of paragraph 5 of Part 1 of Article 390 of the RF CPC and the judicial practice, the author comes to the conclusion about the need for its legislative clarification, with a view to single out the powers of the court of cassation on changing appealed acts into a separate provision, as the joint consolidation in one paragraph of the court’s power to recall and change the enforceable court rulings misrepresents the essence of such powers and confuses legal phenomena of different nature.