在保康县南方红豆杉分布比较集中的4个村(仁和村、朱砂村、龙坪村、温坪村)设置样地，采用植物种群野外调查方法研究天然南方红豆杉种群的数量特征、结构特征、性别比例结构。结果表明：调查区内天然南方红豆杉种群内个体为集群分布，且分布密度大；处于幼年的植株最多，占总量的66%；胸径 > 12 cm的立木比较少；当个体高度超过100 cm，种群的大小径级呈正金字塔型；雌雄性比接近1:1，有利于整个种群的稳定发展。 Sample plots were set in four villages (Renhe village, Cinnabar village, Longping village, Wenping village) of Baokang county to research quantitative characteristics and structural characteristics as well as sex ratio structures of natural population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei by using field survey methods. The results showed that the individual distribution of natural population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei was a contagious one in the survey area with a considerable density. The number of plants in the juvenile phase (66%) was larger than that of others. There were few stumpages (DBH > 12 cm). When an individual’s height exceeded 100 cm, the size class of population was like an upward pyramid. It’s favorable for the stable development of the entire population with the ratio of female to male being close to 1:1.