BACKROUND ~This study used two standardized methods to evaluate anti-PLA2R antibody in serum of primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) among Chinese patients to determine Anti-PLA2R antibody distribution and whether immunological reactivity reflected by antibody titer correlates with kidney function parameters. MATERIAL AND METHOD ~Overall, 82 subjects with biopsy-proven primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) , 22 cases with secondary membranous nephropathy (SMN), 40 non-MN patients with established glomerulonephritis, 20 healthy volunteers were recruited from the Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, China. Anti-PLA2R antibody in the serum of each patient was evaluated by both recombinant cell-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (RC-IFA) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kidney function was assessed by proteinuria for 24 hours, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatine, serum cystatin C. We assessed the correlation between anti-PLA2R antibody levels and clinical parameter in the PMN patients. RESULTS ~ Fifty-three patients with PMN (64.6%) were positive for anti-PLA2R antibody. The level of antibody determined by RC-IFA ranged from 1:10 to 1:1000 and 0 to 1423 RU/ml by ELISA. The two anti-PLA2R test systems correlated very well with each other and reached an agreement of 95.7% for PMN patients. The level of antibody detected by ELISA in patients with PMN also significantly correlated with proteinuria and nephritic-range proteinuria (> 3.5g/day) . CONCLUSIONS ~Anti-PLA2R antibody is sensitive and extremely specific for diagnosis of Chinese patients with primary membranous nephropathy. Concentration of autoantibody against PLA2R is an ideal marker for monitoring the activity of immunological disease.