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Folia Pharmacologica Japonica
Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
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Neurotoxicity of amyloid β proteins

アミロイドβタンパクの神経毒性機構
Authors: Hattori, Naoki; Kitagawa, Kaori; Nakayama, Yasuhisa; Inagaki, Chiyoko;

Neurotoxicity of amyloid β proteins

Abstract

アミロイドβタンパク(Aβ)はアミロイド前駆タンパク(APP)からβ-およびγ-セクレターゼによってペプチド分解されて生成され,Aβオリゴマーとなって神経細胞毒性を生じる.細胞外のAβ沈着に先立って細胞内に主にAβ1-42が蓄積し,神経細胞傷害をきたす.細胞内Aβの起源として,細胞内産生よりも細胞外に分泌されたAβが細胞内に取り込まれる経路が優位であると考えられている.細胞外Aβによる神経細胞毒性機構としてNMDA受容体の細胞内取り込み増加によるシナプス機能障害やグリア細胞の活性化が報告されている.一方,細胞内Aβによる神経細胞毒性機構としてこれまでに,1)ユビキチン依存性タンパク分解の抑制,2)シナプス機能障害,3)過リン酸化タウタンパクの増加,4)カルシウム仮説,5)ミトコンドリア傷害とフリーラジカルの増加等が示されてきた.我々は,Aβによる神経細胞傷害の新たな原因としてホスファチジルイノシトール-4-一キナーゼ(PI4K)阻害作用を見出した.アルツハイマー病脳ではPI4K活性が約50%に低下しており,ホスファチジルイノシトール(PI)やホスファチジルイノシトール一リン酸(PIP)のレベルも低下している.塩素イオンポンプ(Cl-ポンプ)はその活性発現にPI4Pを必要とする事から,AβによるPI4K活性抑制に伴うPI4Pレベルの低下がCl-ポンプ活性を抑制し,神経細胞傷害をきたすかを検討した.病態生理濃度のAβ(1~10 nM)は,ラット脳細胞膜分画中のII型PI4K活性を阻害し,細胞膜のPIPレベルを低下させた.初代培養ラット海馬神経細胞にAβ1-40,Aβ1-42,Aβ25-35を投与すると,神経毒性の強さに平行して細胞内塩素イオン濃度[Cl-]iが上昇し,グルタミン酸興奮毒性が増強された.この機構に,神経細胞[Cl-]iの増加によるII型ホスファチジルイノシチド依存性キナーゼ(PDK2)活性低下とそれに伴うリン酸化Aktレベルの低下が考えられた.今後,Aβの新たな標的であるPI4Kを作用点とするAβ標的拮抗薬の開発が期待される.

Keywords

Neurons, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Ubiquitin, Long-Term Potentiation, アルツハイマー病, Brain, Neurofibrillary Tangles, Phosphatidylinositols, ホノキオール, 部分ペプチド, ホスファチジルイノシトール, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, アミロイドβ, Alzheimer Disease, Chloride Channels, Drug Design, Animals, Humans, 1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
bronze