The mesenteric circulation plays an important role in maintenance of systemic blood pressure and regulation of tissue blood flow. The tone of the mesenteric artery and resistance blood vessels are mainly regulated by sympathetic adrenergic nerves through the release of neurotransmitter noradrenaline and also controlled by nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerves and possibly by parasympathetic cholinergic nerves. Noradrenaline and adrenergic cotransmitters including neuropeptide Y and adenosine triphosphate act as a vasoconstrictor neurotransmitter for sympathetic nerves. While, dopamine, calcitonin gene-related peptide and acetylcholine act as a vasodilator neurotransmitter for adrenergic, NANC and cholinergic nerves, respectively. In the mesenteric circulation, these nerves containing various neurotransmitters and cotransmitters interact and modulate each other via feedback autoregulatory mechanisms and neuromodulation of various vasoactive substance to regulate vascular resistance.