In spores of Dictyostelium discoideum three actin filaments are bundled to form a novel tubular structure and the tubules are then organized into rods. These tubular structures we will term actin tubules. Actin tubules are reconstructed from the supernatant of spore homogenates, while the usual actin filaments were bundled after incubation of supernatants from growing cells. Alpha-actinin, ABP-120 and EF-1alpha are not essential for rod formation. Cofilin is a component of the cytoplasmic rods but few cofilin molecules are included in the nuclear rods. The viability of spores lacking actin rods is very low, and the spore shape is round instead of capsular. The rods can be fragmented by pressure, indicating that the rods may be effective in absorbing physical pressure. The complex organization of actin filaments, actin tubules and rods may be required for spores to achieve complete dormancy and maintain viability.