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Biology Open
Article . 2025
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Biology Open
Article . 2025
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Ammonia transport mediated by urea transporter A isoforms

Authors: N. Pina-Lopes; J. Kabutomori; R. Campos; R. Musa-Aziz;

Ammonia transport mediated by urea transporter A isoforms

Abstract

ABSTRACT Urea transporters (UTs) are a family of urea-selective channel proteins that play an essential role in the urine-concentrating mechanism of the mammalian kidney. In addition to urea, UT-A2 and UT-A3 – the N- and C-terminal regions of full-length UT-A1, respectively – and UT-B transport water, and human UT-B transports water and ammonia (NH3). However, UT-A-mediated NH3 transport has not been evaluated. Given that regulated renal NH3/NH4+ transport by renal epithelial cells is essential to acid–base homeostasis and considering UT-A2 and UT-A3 localization in the inner medulla, where the transport of urea, water, and NH3 is important, it is plausible that UT-A-mediated NH3 transport could be physiologically relevant. The present study characterized the urea, water, and NH3 transport properties and solute pathways of murine UT-A2, UT-A3, and UT-B heterologously expressed in Lithobates catesbeianus oocytes. Control and UT-expressing oocytes were evaluated for surface protein expression through lysine-biotinylation and immunoblotting. Urea uptake was measured using radiolabeled urea, water permeability was assessed using video microscopy, and NH3 transport was monitored using a surface pH microelectrode. All UT-encoding cRNAs were translated, glycosylated, and inserted into the oocyte membrane. Wild-type UT-expressing oocytes displayed significantly higher urea, water, and NH3 transport than day-matched water-injected control cells. Pre-treating the oocytes with phloretin or mutating the urea pore threonines (Thr177 and Thr339 human UT-B numbering) to valines (Val) attenuated UT-mediated urea, water and NH3 transport to control oocyte values. Our study showed for the first time that UT-A2 and UT-A3 increase the membrane NH3 permeability. Thus, besides the critical role of UTs in urinary concentration, these proteins may also impact acid–base homeostasis and contribute to other processes associated with health and disease.

Keywords

water transport, QH301-705.5, Science, urea transporter, renal physiology, surface expression, Urea Transporters, Mice, Ammonia, Animals, Urea, Protein Isoforms, Humans, ammonia transport, Biology (General), lithobates oocytes, protein structure/function, renal function, Q, Membrane Transport Proteins, Biological Transport, urinary concentration, membrane permeability, Oocytes, site-directed mutagenesis, surface ph, Research Article

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
Green
gold