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AAPS PharmSci
Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
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AAPS PharmSci
Article
Data sources: UnpayWall
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AAPS PharmSci
Article . 2002
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Model system to study classical nuclear export signals

Authors: Charu, Kanwal; Henan, Li; Carol S, Lim;

Model system to study classical nuclear export signals

Abstract

Signal-mediated protein transport through the nuclear pore complex is of considerable interest in the field of molecular pharmaceutics. Nuclear localization signals can be used to target genes/antisense delivery systems to the nucleus. Studying nuclear export is useful in enhancing the expression and the efficiency of action of these therapeutic agents. The mechanism of nuclear import has been well studied and most of the proteins participating in this mechanism have been identified. The subject of nuclear export is still in the initial stages, and there is a considerable amount of uncertainty in this area. Two main export receptors identified so far are Exportin 1 (Crm1) and Calreticulin. Crm1 recognizes certain leucine-rich amino acid sequences in the proteins it exports called classical nuclear export signals. This paper describes a model system to study, identify, and establish these classical nuclear export signals using green fluorescent protein (GFP). Two putative export signals in the human progesterone receptor (PR) and the strongest nuclear export signal known (from mitogen activated protein kinase kinase [MAPKK]) were studied using this model system.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Cell Nucleus, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases, Cytoplasm, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Active Transport, Cell Nucleus, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Mammary Neoplasms, Animal, Karyopherins, Protein Sorting Signals, Transfection, Luminescent Proteins, Mice, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Animals, Humans, Calreticulin, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect, Receptors, Progesterone, Plasmids

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    22
    popularity
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    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
22
Average
Top 10%
Top 10%
gold