Basic Aspects Basic Principles and Methodological Aspects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Yiftach Roth and Abraham Zangen Physiological Basis of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation John C. Rothwell, Martin Sommer, and Vincenzo Di Lazzaro Cellular and Network Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Insights from Animal Models and Brain Slice Marom Bikson, Davide Reato, and Asif Rahman Physiological Basis and Methodological Aspects of Transcranial Electric Stimulation (tDCS, tACS, and tRNS) Walter Paulus, Andrea Antal, and Michael A. Nitsche Biophysical Foundations of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Electric Stimulation: From Electromagnetic Fields to Neural Response Timothy A. Wagner and Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda Patterned Protocols of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Stefan Jun Groiss, Yoshikazu Ugawa, Walter Paulus, and Ying-Zu Huang Motor Cortical and Corticospinal Measures in Health and Disease Massimo Cincotta, Angelo Quartarone, and Giovanni Abbruzzese Neurophysiological (Mainly Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) Techniques to Test Functional Neuroanatomy of Cortico-Cortical Connectivity Paolo M. Rossini and Michael Charles Ridding Understanding Homeostatic Metaplasticity Anke Karabanov, Ulf Ziemann, Joseph Classen, and Hartwig Roman Siebner Methodological Aspects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Neuroimaging Hanna Maki and Risto J. Ilmoniemi Biology Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Stimulation Luisella Bocchio-Chiavetto, James T.H. Teo, and Binith Cheeran Imaging-Brain Mapping Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Neuroimaging: Novel Ways of Assessing Causal Relationships in Brain Networks Jacinta O'Shea, Gregor Thut, and Sven Bestmann Perception and Cognition Transcranial Magnetic and Electric Stimulation in Perception and Cognition Research Carlo Miniussi, Geza Gergely Ambrus, Maria Concetta Pellicciari, Vincent Walsh, and Andrea Antal Therapeutic Applications Therapeutic Applications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neurology Anli Liu, Felipe Fregni, Friedhelm C. Hummel, and Alvaro Pascual-Leone Safety Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: With a Note on Regulatory Aspects Simone Rossi