Preface Terminology Related to Electrochemical DNA-Based Biosensors Jan Labuda Introduction Detection Features of DNA-Based Biosensors Detection of Specific DNA Interactions Conclusions Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors S. Centi, S. Tombelli, and M. Mascini Introduction Electrochemical Detection Strategies Based on Labeling Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on a Sandwich Assay Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on a Competitive Assay Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on a Direct Assay 37 Electrochemical Metal Nanoparticle-Labeled Aptasensors 392.7 Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on Noncovalent Redox Species Label Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on the Aptamer Conformational Changes Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on Target-Induced Aptamer Displacement Conclusions Carbon-Polymer Bio-Nano-Composite Electrodes for Electrochemical Genosensing Mar'ia Isabel Pividori and Salvador Alegret Introduction Composites Materials: Main Features and Classification Carbon Composites Electrochemical Genosensing Based on Graphite-Epoxy Composite Final Remarks Gold Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical DNA Biosensors Mar'ia Pedrero, Paloma Y'a " nez-Sede " no, and Jos'e M. Pingarr'on Introduction Configurations Used for DNA Immobilization Signal Transduction and Amplification Strategies Conclusions and Outlook Nanoparticle-Induced Catalysis for Electrochemical DNA Biosensors Marisa Maltez-da Costa, Alfredo de la Escosura-Mu" niz, and Arben Merkoc,i Introduction Catalysis Induced by Gold Nanoparticles 1455.2.1 Electrocatalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticle Labels on Silver Deposition Catalysis Induced by Platinum and Palladium Nanoparticles Catalysis Induced by Other Nanoparticles Conclusions Application of Field-Effect Transistors to Label-Free Electrical DNA Biosensor Arrays Peng Li, Piero Migliorato, and Pedro Estrela Introduction Field-Effect Transistors Field-Effect DNA Sensing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Application of FETs on Biosensor Arrays Conclusions Electrochemical Detection of Basepair Mismatches in DNA Films Piotr Michal Diakowski, Mohtashim Shamsi, and Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz Introduction Surface Immobilization Detection Strategies Conclusion Electrochemical Detection of DNA Hybridization: Use of Latex to Construct Metal-Nanoparticle Labels Mithran Somasundrum andWerasak Surareungchai Introduction Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Use of Metal Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Labels Voltammetric Detection of Metal-Nanoparticle Labels Latex as a Label Support DNA Measurement Areas for Further Research Screen-Printed Electrodes for Electrochemical DNA Detection Graciela Mart'inez-Paredes, Mar'ia Bego " na Gonz' alez-Garc'ia, and Agust'in Costa-Garc'ia Introduction Fabrication of Screen-Printed Electrodes Genosensors on Screen-Printed Electrodes Applications Conclusion Synthetic Polymers for Electrochemical DNA Biosensors Adriana Ferancov 'a and Katar'ina Ben'ikov 'a Introduction Modification of Electrode Surface with Polymers Polymer-Assisted DNA Immobilization Application of Synthetic Polymers in DNA Biosensors Conclusions Electrochemical Transducer for Oligonucleotide Biosensor Based on the Elimination and Adsorptive Transfer Techniques Libuse Trnkova, Frantisek Jelen, and Mehmet Ozsoz Introduction Theoretical Fundamentals of Elimination Voltammetry with Linear Scan (EVLS) EVLS Increasing the Transducer Potential Range EVLS in Connection with Adsorptive Stripping Technique EVLS of Nucleobases and Oligonucleotides in the Presence of Copper Ions Conclusions Electrochemical DNA Biosensors for Detection of Compound-DNA Interactions D. Ozkan-Ariksoysal, P. Kara, and M. Ozsoz Introduction The Structure of DNA Natural Electronalytical Characterictics of DNA Types of DNA Immobilization Methodologies onto Sensor Surfaces DNA-Compound Interactions Calculations About Compound-DNA Interactions Conclusions Electrochemical Nucleic Acid Biosensors Based on Hybridization Detection for Clinical Analysis P. Kara, D. Ariksoysal, and M. Ozsoz Introduction Biosensors Electrochemical Nucleic Acid Biosensors Conclusion Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical DNA Detection Ronen Polsky, Jason C. Harper, and Susan M. Brozik Introduction Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical DNA Detection Nanowires, Nanorods, and Nanofibers DNA Detection Using Carbon Nanotubes Conclusion Electrochemical Genosensor Assay for the Detection of Bacteria on Screen-Printed Chips Chan Yean Yean, Lee Su Yin, and Manickam Ravichandran Introduction Methods for the Detection and Identification of Microorganism Utilizing Enzyme-Based Genosensors on Screen-Printed Chips Advantages of the Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Genosensors in Detecting Bacteria on Screen-Printed Carbon Chips Conclusions Introduction to Molecular Biology Related to Electrochemical DNA-Based Biosensors Yalcin Erzurumlu and Petek Ballar Introduction Nucleic Acids Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA in Electrochemical DNA-Based Biosensors Nucleic Acid Variants Used in Electrochemical DNA-Based Biosensors Index