AbstractPlatelet‐activating factor (PAF) is a potent autacoid that participates in inflammation and other pathophysiological processes. In this review we deal with recent evidence suggesting that PAF is a mediator that is released early during glomerular injury. PAF can be synthesized in the glomerulus by infiltrating intrinsic glomerular cells. Normal glomeruli produce PAF upon stimulation, and glomerular PAF synthesis is increased in a variety of experimental glomerulopathies. The local infusion of PAF into the renal artery of isolated blood‐free kidneys induces proteinuria. PAF attracts and activates inflammatory cells. Glomerular mesangial, endothelial and epithelial cells are also targets for PAF. Therapy with specific PAF receptor antagonists has prevented or reduced proteinuria and improved glomerular inflammation in several experimental models of proliferative glomerulonephritis and minimal change nephrosis. However, the beneficial effect of administration of PAF antagonists once proteinuria is fully developed has been minimal. PAF may also play a role in the recruitment of inflammatory interstitial cells.