Scientists and engineers have realized the industrial and environmental significance of biofilm accumulation and activity. The ability to predict and control biofilm formation has led to less fouling and corrosion in industrial systems and a better understanding of biofilm importance in natural aquatic systems. Understanding the fundamental processes contributing to biofilm formation is beneficial to anyone involved with natural or industrial systems where biofilms may play a significant role in determining variables such as bulk water quality, toxic compound biodegradation, or product quality.