In simple terms, environmental monitoring is a process that involves measurement of certain parameters to assess the status of the environment. Environmental monitoring has now become priority for most of the countries which are members of the United Nations, as there are several global-scale organizations that act in a concerted manner for the collection and distribution of environmental data globally. The technological advances and manifestation of scientific development leads to well-defined strategies for sample collection and improved data analysis methods to obtain robust results. In this field, biosensors are used as a real-time analytical technique and are mostly preferred, as they are fast and cost effective. Since information-derived knowledge can lead to enhanced understanding of the environmental status, there is a need for rapid, smart and portable biosensing devices that employ improved transduction materials obtained from nanotechnology applications to detect multiplex environmental pollutants. The presence of such pollutants is a major global challenge for environmental security and human health. Optical, electrochemical and piezoelectric sensors, based on what they recognize, for example immunosensors, genosensors, aptasensors and enzymatic sensors, can generate relevant data for environmental monitoring. The research on the development of traditional analytical methods employed for environmental monitoring has contributed significantly to the sustainable development of the society.