WAVES Introduction The Nature of Waves Types of Waves Characteristics of Waves Trigonometric Notation of Waves Simple Harmonic Motion Period and Frequency of Simple Harmonic Motion The Simple Pendulum Experimental Work List of References Appendices Further Reading INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION Introduction Interference of Light Young's Double-Slit Experiment Wave Phase Changes Due to Reflection Interference in Thin Films Newton's Rings Thin Film Applications Diffraction Experimental Work List of References Appendices Further Reading THE DIFFRACTION GRATING Introduction Diffraction Gratings Profiles of Gratings Planar Diffraction Gratings Concave Gratings Characteristics of Gratings Efficiency of Diffraction Gratings Manufacturing of Diffraction Gratings Diffraction Grating Instruments Experimental Work List of References Appendices Further Reading INTERFEROMETERS Introduction The Michelson Interferometer The Mach-Zehnder Interferometer The Twyman-Green Interferometer The Fizeau Interferometer The Fabry-Perot Interferometer Other types of Interferometers Experimental Work List of References Appendices Further Reading SPECTROMETERS AND SPECTOROSCOPES Introduction Spectral Analysis Instruments Experimental Work List of References Appendices Further Reading LASERS Introduction Light Emission Principle of the Laser Thermal Equilibrium and Population Inversion Transverse and Longitudinal Modes Gain Threshold Condition Power and Energy Three and Four Level Laser Systems Types of Laser Comparison of Semiconductor and Conventional Lasers Classification of Lasers Laser Beam Alignment Laser Beam Expansion Laser Applications Experimental Work List of References Appendices Further Reading PHOTONICS LABORATORY SAFETY Introduction Electrical Safety Light Sources Devices and Equipment Audio-Visual and Computer Peripherals Handling of Fibre Optic Cables Epoxy Adhesives and Sealants Cleaning Optical Components Optic/Optical Fibre Devices and Systems Cleaning Chemicals Warning Labels Laser Safety Laser Safety Tips Indoor Air Quality Other Considerations Further Reading APPENDIX A: DETAILS OF THE DEVICES, COMPONENTS, TOOLS, AND PARTS APPENDIX B: ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE OF A CONVENTIONAL ARTICULATING SPECTROMETER APPENDIX C: LIGHTING LAMPS GLOSSARY INDEX