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Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
Article . 1966 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Studies on Blood and Serum Types of the Icelandic Horses

Authors: M, Hesselholt;

Studies on Blood and Serum Types of the Icelandic Horses

Abstract

By means of isoimmunizations and heteroimmunizations 10 equine blood typing reagents were isolated. The specific antibodies were complete agglutinins, which were used in the direct agglutination test in saline medium. The reagents were designated A2, C, D, E, G, H, I, K, Da1, and Da2 reagent. Da1 and Da2 are preliminary designations. The data obtained from blood typing of a family material and a population material of Icelandic horses showed that the occurrence of each blood type factor is controlled by a single, dominant gene. The family data tended to show that the blood factors under investigation belonged to 8 blood type systems. The A system contained the antigens A2 and Da2. These antigens are related to each other through a linear subgroup relationship. The D system had the factors D and J. The G, E, G, I, K, and Da1 systems are one-factor, two-allele blood type systems. The H factor was not observed in Icelandic horses. In connection with the establishment of the 8 blood type systems it must be emphasized that the problem of allelism or nonallelism of 2 genes can only be solved by means of relevant family data. Because of the rare occurrence of some of the blood factors in the Icelandic horse such data were in some cases not available. Thus some conclusions were based on results from two-by-two contingency tables with the use of population data. This was used particularly for the D and G systems, and additional family data are necessary for a definite establishment of these systems. Exceptions to the genetic theory, apparently caused by erroneous registration, were presented. Finally, estimates were given of gene frequencies of the causative genes among Icelandic horses. Starch gel electrophoresis of sera from Icelandic horses revealed the existence of 21 transferrin phenotypes. The data obtained supported the theory advanced, that transferrin polymorphism in horses is controlled by 6 autosomal codominant alleles: TfD, TfF, TfH, TfM, TfO, and TfH. 925 randomly selected Icelandic horses were typed for serum transferrin and the gene frequencies were estimated. Starch gel electrophoresis of about 100 horse serum samples did hot reveal individual variation of the equine haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin. Studies on approximately 300 sera showed an identical serum amylase pattern. Mit Anwendung von Iso- und Heteroimmunisierungen sind 10 Blutgruppenreagenzien, alle komplette Agglutinine verwendbar bei direkten Agglutinationstesten, isoliert worden. Die Reagenzien haben die Bezeichnungen A2, G, D, E, G, H, I, K, Dax und Da2 bekommen. Da2 und Da2 sind vorlaufige Bezeichnungen. Blutgruppenbestimmungen eines Familienmaterials und eines Populationsmaterials von islandischen Pferden zeigten, dass die Vererbung jedes Blutgruppenfaktors von einem einzelnen dominanten Gen kontrolliert wird. Genetische Daten haben bezeigt, dass die Blutgruppenfaktoren voraussichtlich 8 Blutgruppensystemen angehoren. Das A-System umfasst die beiden Antigene A2 und Da2, die durch eine lineare Untergruppenverwandtschaft verwandt sind. Die Faktoren D und J gehoren dem D-System an. Die G-, E-, G-, I-, K- und Da1-Systeme sind ein-Faktor, zwei-Allel Blutgruppensysteme. Das H-Antigen wurde bei islandischen Pferden nicht observiert. Im Anschluss an die Etablierung der 8 Blutgruppensysteme soll stark hervorgehoben werden, dass das Problem Alleli oder nicht-Alleli zweier Gene nur mit Hilfe einer Analyse von relevanten Familiendaten gelost werden kann. In einigen Fallen waren diese nicht vorhanden, weil bestimmte Antigene bei den islandischen Pferden sehr selten vorkommen. Einige Konklusionen wurden daher auf populationsgenetische Daten basiert. Dieses gilt besonders dem D- und G-System. Die Genfrequenz wurde auf Grundlage der Populationsdaten berechnet. Mit Hilfe der Starkegelelektrophorese in Seren von islandischen Pferden wurden 21 Transferrinphanotypen nachgewiesen. Die angefuhrten Daten unterstutzen die fruher hervorgesetzte Hypothese, dass die Variationen, welche beim Pferd festgestellt worden sind, von 6 autosomalen kodominanten Allelen: TfD, TfF, TfH, TfM, TfO und TfR bedingt sind. Die Genfrequenzbestimmungen wurden auf Grundlage der Daten von 925 zufallig ausgewahlten Pferden berechnet. Individuelle Variationen in bezug auf Haptoglobin, Ceruloplasmin und Serumamylase wurden nicht gefunden.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Blood Group Antigens, Genetics, Animals, Horses, Blood Protein Electrophoresis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
16
Average
Top 10%
Top 10%
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