AbstractExcavations at Tell Afis (north-western Syria) 1991–1997, have revealed a long sequence of Late Chalcolithic occupation (Levels 18–26). This article presents an analytical study of the painted pottery from this phase, focusing on classification, technology, and decorative patterns. Three groups in diachronic sequence are identified in relation to the archaeological contexts, and show a technological development. The painted pottery from Tell Afis, with the presence of its own characteristic elements, like the adoption of painted motifs from the Late Ubaid tradition, stresses the cultural identity of this site and its region in the fourth millennium, as yet poorly documented by archaeological evidence.