
doi: 10.1179/bjo.4.4.191
pmid: 274153
The Characteristics of three types of buccal canine retraction springs are investigated. In general, these springs are unduly stiff and so excessive forces can be applied by even small activations. Additionally, they can be unstable vertically. By careful attention to geometry, it is possible to design a spring with acceptable clinical properties.
Orthodontic Appliances, Removable
Orthodontic Appliances, Removable
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