Although the literature on laparoscopic surgery for diverticulitis includes data on more than 1800 patients, the quality of the studies is insufficient to draw definitive evidence-based conclusions. Nonrandomized evidence suggests that laparoscopic resection for uncomplicated diverticulitis of the sigmoid may fare better than its conventional counterpart not only in short-term outcome (preservation of the abdominal wall, shorter disability), but also in the long term (decreased rates of late symptomatic small bowel obstruction). Five-year recurrence rates show that a laparoscopic or conventional access is unlikely to have an impact, provided that the oral bowel end is anastomosed to the proximal rectum rather than to the distal sigmoid. The superiority of laparoscopy should be proven by measuring health-related and patient-centered outcome rather than surrogate endpoints. Areas of concern include replacing a conventional resection with laparoscopic suture, drainage, and colostomy in patients with free perforation and peritonitis. The role of laparoscopic surgery should be limited to resection for uncomplicated diverticulitis of the sigmoid performed by adequately trained surgeons. Benefits can be expected with this procedure, provided that indications for surgery are not influenced by the mode of access and that postoperative complication rates remain within the range of that for traditional colorectal surgery.