Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao The American Journal...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
versions View all 1 versions
addClaim

This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

You have already added 0 works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.

The 4-Dimensional Rhytidoplasty

Authors: Stephen W. Watson; Douglas P. Sinn; Thomas L. Stone;

The 4-Dimensional Rhytidoplasty

Abstract

Introduction: The 4-dimensional facelift is an advanced rhytidectomy technique using a combination of the subperiosteal and multiplanar/multivector facelift techniques simultaneously with CO2 and erbium:YAG laser resurfacing for maximal facial rejuvenation. The combination of these procedures produces a rejuvenation that has synergistic benefits. The facelift alone does not rejuvenate fine rhytids around the mouth and infraorbital regions. In addition, laser resurfacing does not address the rhytids caused by deeper ptotic anatomic structures, nor lines of animation. The 4-dimensional rhytidoplasty provides the ultimate in subtle release of the anatomic facial planes. This concentric release of the various anatomic planes reduces unnecessary tension and unnecessary vascular compromise on any particular layer. This results in increased safety of the technique, allows for simultaneous laser resurfacing, and gives a more natural and improved facial rejuvenation. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients (4 males and 28 females) underwent the 4-dimensional facelift between November 1998 and December 1999. This includes simultaneous laser resurfacing and a deep-plane multivector facelift, including an extended subperiosteal release. After all adjunctive procedures had been performed and the superficial musculoaponeurotic system had been stabilized, the redundant preauricular skin was lasered, keeping the energy densities the same, but altering the number of passes. The edges were then trimmed and submitted for histologic examination. Conclusions: The authors are not aware of any previous publications combining all the anatomic planes of the face into a single operation. It has also been the accepted dictum by various experts in the field that laser resurfacing over the undermined flap was a contraindication. However, on the basis of our experiences and results, it is our opinion that this can be done and that the clinical endpoint is safely achieved, resulting in a superior cosmetic result and an assumed increased longevity.

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    3
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Average
Average
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!