Nigerian traditional medical practice was a part of the empirical world traditional medicine. However, it is still with us after over 500 years of contacts with modern medical practice. It is the only form of medical are available to the majority of the Nigerian population and is also the first line of defence against disease in a great proportion of people even amongst the enlightened city dwellers and the elites. Although the Nigerian traditional healers including the herbalists are general practitioners, the more successful ones do specialise. Some of the traditional herbal treatments for common diseases as well as preventive medical practice are examined. Recommendations for future improvements in the systems are made.