Microarc oxidation (MAO) and alkali treatment was used to modify the surface of titanium, which prepared different microstructure and nanostructure TiO2-based coating on titanium. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and contact angle measuring instrument. The sample's surface treated by MAO process was microporous structure and looks like a crate. In vitro bioactivity experiment indicated that the hydroxyapatite precipitates was as squama and grew perpendicularly on the sample's surface. In vitro cell culture and MTT assay the MAO-NaOH samples showed distinct proliferation levels compared to the MAO samples. It has no toxicity to the growth of MSC cell and had better biocompatibility. According to the calculation of surface energy, that better hydrophilicity of materials will induce the more growth of hydroxyapatite.