This chapter deals with the chronology, systematics, and symbolism of artistic representations of crustaceans. The earliest known presence of crustaceans in art can be traced back to ancient Egypt and Assyria. The oldest figure of a crustacean known at the time of this writing seems to concern spiny lobsters in an Egyptian painting of the 18th Dynasty. Crustaceans were certainly represented in Greek art, particularly in "xenia", which had an influence on Roman art. During the medieval period, the theme of zodiacal signs became common, and crustaceans were then used almost exclusively, but frequently, to represent the sign of Cancer in books or on sculptures in Romanesque churches. An overview of the systematics of crustaceans used in works of art throughout the centuries reveals very consistent trends: these were mostly large and edible species belonging to marine Decapoda. Keywords: ancient Egypt; artistic representations; Assyria; crustaceans; Greek art; medieval period; Romanesque churches; symbolism