Update on antiviral DNA vaccine research (1998-2000) optimization strategies for DNA vaccines relative potency of cellular and humoral immune responses induced by DNA vaccination improving DNA vaccines targeting viral infection alphavirus vectors - applications for DNA vaccine production and gene expression plasmid DNA vaccines - investigation of integration into host cellular DNA following intramuscular injection in mice plasmid DNA vaccines - tissue distribution and effects of DNA sequence, adjuvants and delivery method on integration into host DNA DNA vaccination for HIV-1 and SIV DNA-encoding enzymatically active HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, but not the inactive mutant, confers resistance to experimental HIV-1 challenge human natural killer cells in asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 infection DNA-based immunization against lyssaviruses DNA vaccination against La Crosse virus mechanism of protection against influenza A virus by DNA vaccine encoding the hemagglutinin gene DNA vaccines - development, standardization and regulation.