Neuronal death is the primary cause of vision loss in most retinal diseases. Neuroprotection is the modification of neurons, and/or their surrounding environment, to promote the survival and function of the neurons, especially in environments that would normally be deleterious to their health. Through advances in antioxidative therapy, neurotrophic support and anti-apoptotic therapy, the field of neuroprotection is advancing with the therapeutic hope of improving vision and clinical outcomes for patients.