The introduction of DSM-III/DSM-III-R and ICD-10 implies fundamental innovations to the diagnostic process. The changes relate both to formal aspects (e.g. symptom and time-related criteria) and to content (e.g. the abandonment of the concept of neurosis). Additionally, specific assessment instruments are introduced. However, other aspects important for the description and treatment of patients easily become neglected when concentrating on a system of diagnoses which aim at the classification of patients by groups of disorders. The present article will present instruments which make it possible to do justice to both points of view.