In this study of 160 consecutively admitted inpatients who met ICD-9 criteria of endogenous depression, mood-congruent depressive delusions were ascertained in 14.4% (n = 23). The total HRSD score was significantly higher in the delusional than in the nondelusional group. Delusions of guilt were recorded by far the most frequently. There was a correlation between delusions of guilt in the current depressive episode and suicide attempts in the past. In the delusional patients the individual courses of the illness were characterized by marked symptomatological differences from one depressive episode to another. In all but one of the patients, depressive delusions coincided with a thematically identical experience of anxiety. How often anxiety occurs in delusional form depends substantially on the respective theme of anxiety. In accordance with earlier psychopathological literature the findings confirm that depressive delusion is closely linked to the experience of anxiety.