Abstract The authors report a case of scoliosis associated with neurofibromatosis with many cafe au lait spots and subcutaneous nodules. At myelography Pantopaque flowed into scalloped areas of the lumbar vertebrae with no evidence of tumor within the spinal canal. It is hypothesized that scalloping per se is not responsible for scoliosis, and the scoliosis is part of the overall dysplasia. Surgery should be avoided if myelography reveals no soft-tissue tumor and the curvature is not progressive.