Benign tumors of the ampulla of Vater are rarely encountered in clinical practice but at least twenty symptomatic cases have been reported (1–19). Details of these cases are set forth in Table 1. The present case is apparently the second in which roentgenograms dearly revealed the lesion. Case Report A 54-year-old white woman was admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania on Dec. 9, 1949, complaining of abdominal pain and jaundice for forty-eight hours. She gave a twenty-year history of upper abdominal complaints compatible with the diagnosis of gallbladder disease, and complained of increasing indigestion after meals in recent months. Two nights prior to admission she awoke with severe pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, accompanied by vomiting, chills, and fever. Her physician reported jaundice. Her symptoms became worse during the next forty-eight hours and she was admitted to the hospital. Physical examination revealed a deeply jaundiced patient in obvious distress, with g...