LUNG STONES attracted the curiosity of physicians of ancient Greece and Rome, and according to Morgagni (quoted by Atlee, 2), pneumoliths were known to Areteus, Galen, and Aristotle. As autopsies became part of medical investigation, more knowledge was gathered about this condition. The earliest comprehensive clinical report was that of Schenck (39) in 1600 (Barrett, 5). In 1744 Boerhaave described the case of the famous botanist Sebastian Veillantius, who expectorated 400 stones (Stivelman, 42). Leroy (24) in 1868 and Poulalion (32) in 1891 published the first accurate and modern discussions on the subject, and changed the name phthysis calculosa to pseudophthysis calculosa, appreciating the fact that pulmonary tuberculosis did not play an active part in the clinical syndrome of bronchopulmonary lithiasis. Other terms employed for the condition in modern medical literature are pulmoliths, pneumoliths, lung stones, and bronchial calculi. Lyter (26) designated as active bronchopulmonary lithiasis those cas...