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Noncanonical Roles of tRNAs: tRNA Fragments and Beyond

descriptionPublicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 23 Nov 2020Publisher:Annual ReviewsJournal:Annual Review of Genetics, volume 54, pages 47-69 (issn: 0066-4197, eissn: 1545-2948,

Authors: Zhangli Su; Briana Wilson; Anindya Dutta; Pankaj Kumar;

doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-022620-101840

pmid: 32841070

pmc: PMC7686126

Noncanonical Roles of tRNAs: tRNA Fragments and Beyond

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Abstract

As one of the most abundant and conserved RNA species, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well known for their role in reading the codons on messenger RNAs and translating them into proteins. In this review, we discuss the noncanonical functions of tRNAs. These include tRNAs as precursors to novel small RNA molecules derived from tRNAs, also called tRNA-derived fragments, that are abundant across species and have diverse functions in different biological processes, including regulating protein translation, Argonaute-dependent gene silencing, and more. Furthermore, the role of tRNAs in biosynthesis and other regulatory pathways, including nutrient sensing, splicing, transcription, retroelement regulation, immune response, and apoptosis, is reviewed. Genome organization and sequence variation of tRNA genes are also discussed in light of their noncanonical functions. Lastly, we discuss the recent applications of tRNAs in genome editing and microbiome sequencing.

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Keywords

Gene Editing, RNA, Transfer, Transcription, Genetic, Protein Biosynthesis, RNA Splicing, Animals, Humans, RNA, Messenger

Impact byBIP!

	citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).	178
	popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.	Top 1%
	influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).	Top 10%
	impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.	Top 1%