Abstract The Earth Sciences, in particular the geosciences, contribute to solutions for a wide range of urban problems, encompassing aspects of urban health, urban safety, urban space, urban environment and urban equity. The prospects for geoscientists, particularly with respect to the subsurface, are encouraging, in light of urban development trends influenced by population growth, urbanization, quality of life, environmental awareness and technological development. Unfortunately, there is little recognition that geoscience information and knowledge contributes to sustainable urban development. The International Year of Planet Earth provides an opportunity to improve the image of geoscientists in the public eye and promote new geoscience concepts and ideas for ensuring the well-being of society and sustainability of the environment.