An apparently new variant of human serum albumin, albumin Naskapi, has been found in high frequency in the Naskapi Indians of Quebec and, in lower frequency, in other North American Indians. The family and population data of the albumin are consistent with its inheritance as a simple autosomal trait controlled by a gene designated Al Naskapi . This gene is allelic with the gene Al A which controls the common albumin. Both homozygotes and heterozygotes have been distinguished. This is the first report of a homozygote for an albumin variant.