Over the past three years we have determined the basic features of our Universe. It is spatially flat; accelerating; comprised of 1/3 a new form of matter, 2/3 a new form of energy, with some ordinary matter and a dash of massive neutrinos; and it apparently began from a great burst of expansion (inflation) during which quantum noise was stretched to astrophysical size seeding cosmic structure. This "New Cosmology" greatly extends the highly successful hot big-bang model. Now we have to make sense of it. What is the dark matter particle? What is the nature of the dark energy? Why this mixture? How did the matter – antimatter asymmetry arise? What is the underlying cause of inflation (if it indeed occurred)?