People are infested by 3 types of lice: body lice (Pediculus humanus var corporis), head lice (P h var capitis), and crab or pubic lice (Phthirus pubis). Lice have evolved with their human hosts and have developed life cycles and anatomy best suited to those particular areas of the body.1 Body lice are associated with severe systemic diseases such as typhus and trench fever. Infestation with crab lice most commonly follows intimate or sexual contact.2 Of the 3 lice types, head lice get the most attention because they are thought to be highly prevalent and to be developing resistance to commonly used pediculicides. The treatment of head lice is a multimillion dollar industry.3 In this review, we look at this treatment.