#### Summary points #### Sources and selection criteria We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using the search terms “enuresis” or “bedwetting” as keywords. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, population based studies, randomised controlled trials, and studies published in the past five years were prioritised. Nocturnal enuresis (enuresis or bedwetting) is the most common type of urinary incontinence in children. Depending on the definition, prevalence is 8-20% for 5 year olds, 1.5-10% for 10 year olds, and 0.5-2% for adults, with 2.6% of 7.5 year old children wetting on two or more nights a week.1 Prevalence seems to be similar worldwide. Here, we review current knowledge about the treatment of this common condition. Nocturnal enuresis is intermittent involuntary voiding during sleep in the absence of physical disease in a child aged 5 years or more. A minimum of one episode a month for at least three months is required for the diagnosis to be made.2 A large epidemiological study showed that nocturnal enuresis is more common in males at all ages, and is more likely to persist in those with frequent wetting.3 Nocturnal enuresis is usually idiopathic and is commonly associated with daytime urinary incontinence (seen in 3.3% of 7.5 year olds in a large epidemiological study1), faecal incontinence, and chronic constipation. In …