A mineralogical investigation of metamorphosed manganese rocks was carried out at ore deposits related to the Devonian volcanic complexes of the Magnitogorsk paleovolcanic belt of the South Urals. The mineralogical appearance of these rocks is determined by three consecutively formed groups of mineral assemblages: (1) assemblages occupying the main volume of orebodies and formed during low-grade regional metamorphism (T = 200−250°C, P = 2–3 kbar); (2) assemblages of segregated and metasomatic veinlets that fill the systems of late tectonic fractures; and (3) assemblages of near-surface supergene minerals. Sixty-one minerals have been identified in orebodies and crosscutting hydrothermal veinlets. The major minerals are quartz, hematite, hausmannite, braunite, tephroite, andradite, epidote, rhodonite, caryopilite, calcite, and rhodochrosite. The mineral assemblages of metamorphosed manganese rocks (metamanganolites) are characterized. Chemical compositions of braunite, epidote-group minerals, piemontite, pyroxenes, rhodonite, pyroxmangite, and winchite are considered. The bibliography on geology and mineralogy of the South Ural manganese deposits is given.