Abstract Northeast China, situated in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is crucial for understanding the northeastern Asian continental framework and its tectonic evolution. This study compiled petrological, geochronological, and geochemical data from rocks of late Neoarchean to late Paleozoic time to constrain their tectonic origins and examine supercontinent reconstruction in Northeast China. Zircon age spectra from 5665 grains reveal distinct peaks in the late Neoarchean period (ca. 2500 Ma), late Paleoproterozoic (ca. 1800 Ma), Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1400 Ma), Neoproterozoic (900–600 Ma), and Pan-African (ca. 500 Ma). Late Neoarchean calc-alkaline volcanic arc granites indicate subduction-driven Archean continental growth in Northeast China. Late Paleoproterozoic calc-alkaline volcanic arc and syn-collisional granites in Northeast China indicate their involvement in the assembly of Columbia. Mesoproterozoic shoshonitic within-plate A-type granites indicate extensional tectonics coinciding with the breakup of Columbia. Grenville (ca. 1100 Ma) arc sediments and early Neoproterozoic (1000–850 Ma) calc-alkaline I-type granites indicate convergent tectonics corresponding to the assembly of Rodinia. Late Neoproterozoic (850–600 Ma) within-plate A-type granites indicate extensional environments linked to the breakup of Rodinia (ca. 825 Ma). Early Pan-African within-plate granites and high-grade metamorphism mark compressional subduction related to the assembly of Gondwana. The age peaks described here suggest that the microcontinents of Northeast China have exhibited consistent basement evolution since the late Neoarchean and maintained paleogeographic proximity to the Tarim Craton in the supercontinent cycle from Columbia to Rodinia and Gondwana. Late Pan-African shoshonitic A-type granites indicate extensional tectonics during the drift of Northeast China from Gondwana to the southern margin of the Siberia Craton.