In the recent publication “Comparative Analyses of Nonpathogenic, Opportunistic, and Totally Pathogenic Mycobacteria Reveal Genomic and Biochemical Variabilities and Highlight the Survival Attributes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,” Rahman et al. (1) used bioinformatic methods to examine the evolutionary relatedness and metabolic capacity of mycobacteria of diverse pathogenic potential. A key conclusion of this work is the suggestion that “M. indicus pranii … is a predecessor of the M. avium complex and is at an evolutionarily transitory position with respect to a fast versus slow grower and as a saprophyte versus a seasoned pathogen.” In contrast, we suggest that this work provides strong evidence that “Mycobacterium indicus pranii” is a strain of Mycobacterium intracellulare. The mycobacterial isolate currently known as “M. indicus pranii” was first described in the 1970s as “Mycobacterium w” and, due to some unusual immunomodulatory and biochemical properties, it has been proposed that …