Life History Environmental and life choices affect health and reproduction. Several studies show that these effects extend to the next generation and sometimes beyond. Zipple et al. have examined a longitudinal dataset of a natural population of baboons in southern Kenya. Individuals in this group can live up to 30 years. The dataset was collected over 45 years and documented life span and adversity experienced during the prereproductive life of females. Adverse events ranged from death of the mother when offspring were young, to surviving drought, to having siblings of close age or being born into a large social group. Individuals affected by adversity often outlived their offspring. These older mothers seemed less able to successfully rear their offspring, who commonly experienced high mortality in infancy even when free of adversity. eLife 2019 , e47433 (2019).