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PubMed Central
Article . 2026
License: CC BY NC
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Disaggregated machine learning via in-physics computing at radio frequency

Authors: Zhihui Gao; Sri Krishna Vadlamani; Kfir Sulimany; Dirk Englund; Tingjun Chen;

Disaggregated machine learning via in-physics computing at radio frequency

Abstract

Modern edge devices, such as cameras, drones, and internet-of-things nodes, rely on machine learning to enable a wide range of intelligent applications. However, deploying machine learning models directly on the often resource-constrained edge devices demands substantial memory footprints and computational power for real-time inference using traditional digital computing architectures. In this paper, we present WISE, computing architecture for wireless edge networks with two key innovations: disaggregated model access via over-the-air wireless broadcasting for simultaneous inference on multiple edge devices, and in-physics computation of general complex-valued matrix-vector multiplications directly at radio frequency driven by a single frequency mixer. Using a software-defined radio platform, WISE achieves 95.7% image classification accuracy (97.2% audio classification accuracy) with ultralow energy consumption of 6.0 fJ/MAC (2.8 fJ/MAC), which is more than 10× improvement compared to traditional digital computing, e.g., on modern GPUs.

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Keywords

Physical and Materials Sciences

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold