In this case study, we describe the symptoms, evaluation, and management of a woman with osteoarthritis (OA). OA is the most common form of arthritis worldwide and it is a major cause of disability in the elderly. Although there are several aging-related changes in the musculoskeletal system that may contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease, research suggests that OA is not merely an inevitable result of aging. OA is most likely a multifactorial process whereby non-aging-related factors also contribute to the onset, progression, and symptomatology of the disease. Specifically, both biochemical factors, including physiological properties of cartilage and bone, and biomechanical factors such as muscle strength, proprioception, and joint loading have been implicated in the pathogenesis of OA. Newer nonpharmacological treatment options are focusing on how to improve symptoms and prevent progression of the disease through mechanical interventions.