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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Drug Metabolism and ...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Cyclic Conversion of the Novel Src Kinase Inhibitor [7-(2,6-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-benzo[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl]-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-amine (TG100435) and Its N-Oxide Metabolite by Flavin-Containing Monoxygenases and Cytochrome P450 Reductase

Authors: Ahmed, Kousba; Richard, Soll; Shiyin, Yee; Michael, Martin;

Cyclic Conversion of the Novel Src Kinase Inhibitor [7-(2,6-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-benzo[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl]-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-amine (TG100435) and Its N-Oxide Metabolite by Flavin-Containing Monoxygenases and Cytochrome P450 Reductase

Abstract

[7-(2,6-Dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-benzo[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl]-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-amine (TG100435) is a novel multi-targeted Src family kinase inhibitor with demonstrated anticancer activity in preclinical species. Potent kinase inhibition is associated with TG100435 and its major N-oxide metabolite [7-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-benzo[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl]-{4-[2-(1-oxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-amine (TG100855). The objectives of the current study were to identify the hepatic enzyme(s) responsible for 1) the total metabolic flux of TG100435, 2) the formation of TG100855, and 3) the subsequent metabolism of TG100855. Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) contribute to TG100435 total metabolic flux. TG100435 metabolic flux was completely inhibited by methimazole and ketoconazole, suggesting only FMO- and CYP3A4-mediated metabolism. TG100855 formation was markedly inhibited (~90%) by methimazole or heat inactivation (>99%). FMO3 was the primary enzyme responsible for TG100855 formation. In addition, an enzyme mediated retroreduction of TG100855 back to TG100435 was observed. The N-oxidation reaction was approximately 15 times faster than the retroreduction reaction. Interestingly, the retroreduction of TG100855 to TG100435 in recombinant P450 or liver microsomes lacked inhibition by the P450 inhibitors. TG100435 formation in the human liver microsomes or recombinant P450 increased as a function of cytochrome P450 reductase activity, suggesting potential involvement of cytochrome P450 reductase. The results of this in vitro study demonstrate the potential of TG100435 and TG100855 to be interconverted metabolically. FMO seem to be the major N-oxidizing enzymes, whereas cytochrome P450 reductase seems to be responsible for the retroreduction reaction.

Keywords

Methimazole, Pyrrolidines, Triazines, Temperature, In Vitro Techniques, Recombinant Proteins, Kinetics, Ketoconazole, src-Family Kinases, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Enzyme Stability, Microsomes, Liver, Oxygenases, Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Enzyme Inhibitors, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
16
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research
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